Yarn资源调度器
Yarn是一个资源调度平台，负责为运算程序提供服务器运算资源
Yarn基础架构
YARN主要由ResourceManager、NodeManager、ApplicationMaster和Container等组件构成。
Yarn工作机制
Yarn调度器和调度算法
Hadoop作业调度器主要有三种：FIFO、容量（Capacity Scheduler）和公平（Fair Scheduler）。Apache Hadoop 3.1.3默认的资源调度器是Capacity Scheduler。CDH默认调度器是Fair Scheduler。
先进先出调度器（FIFO）
单队列，根据提交作业的先后顺序，先来先服务。
不支持多队列，生产环境很少使用。
容量调度器（Capacity Scheduler）
特点
资源分配算法
公平调度器（Fair Scheduler）
特点
公平调度器设计目标是：在时间尺度上，所有作业获得公平的资源。某一时刻一个作业应获资源和实际获取资源的差距叫“缺额”，调度器会优先为缺额大的作业分配资源
资源分配策略
Yarn常用命令
yarn application查看任务
列出所有Application：
yarn application -list
根据Application状态过滤：
yarn application -list -appStates FINISHED
所有状态：ALL、NEW、NEW_SAVING、SUBMITTED、ACCEPTED、RUNNING、FINISHED、FAILED、KILLED
Kill掉Application：
yarn application -kill application_1612577921195_0001
yarn logs查看日志
查询Application日志：
yarn logs -applicationId application_1612577921195_0001
查询Container日志：
yarn logs -applicationId application_1612577921195_0001 -containerId container_1612577921195_0001_01_000001
yarn applicationattempt查看尝试运行的任务
列出所有Application尝试的列表：
yarn applicationattempt -list application_1612577921195_0001
打印ApplicationAttemp状态：
yarn applicationattempt -status appattempt_1612577921195_0001_000001
yarn container查看容器
列出所有Container：
yarn container -list appattempt_1612577921195_0001_000001
打印Container状态：
yarn container -status container_1612577921195_0001_01_000001
只有在任务跑的途中才能看到container的状态
yarn node查看节点状态
列出所有节点：
yarn node -list -all
yarn rmadmin更新配置
加载队列配置：
yarn rmadmin -refreshQueues
yarn queue查看队列
打印队列信息：
yarn queue -status default
Yarn生产环境核心参数
Yarn案例实操
Yarn生产环境核心参数配置案例
假设有服务器3台，每台配置4G内存，4核CPU，4线程
修改yarn-site.xml配置参数如下：
<!-- 选择调度器，默认为容量调度器 -->
<property>
<description>The class to use as the resource scheduler.</description>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.capacity.CapacityScheduler</value>
</property>
<!-- ResourceManager处理调度器请求的线程数量,默认50；如果提交的任务数大于50，可以增加该值，但是不能超过3台 * 4线程 = 12线程（去除其他应用程序实际不能超过8） -->
<property>
<description>Number of threads to handle scheduler interface.</description>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.client.thread-count</name>
<value>8</value>
</property>
<!-- 是否让yarn自动检测硬件进行配置，默认是false，如果该节点有很多其他应用程序，建议手动配置。如果该节点没有其他应用程序，可以采用自动 -->
<property>
<description>Enable auto-detection of node capabilities such as
memory and CPU.
</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.detect-hardware-capabilities</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 是否将虚拟核数当作CPU核数，默认是false，采用物理CPU核数 -->
<property>
<description>Flag to determine if logical processors(such as
hyperthreads) should be counted as cores. Only applicable on Linux
when yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores is set to -1 and
yarn.nodemanager.resource.detect-hardware-capabilities is true.
</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.count-logical-processors-as-cores</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 虚拟核数和物理核数乘数，默认是1.0 -->
<property>
<description>Multiplier to determine how to convert phyiscal cores to
vcores. This value is used if yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores
is set to -1(which implies auto-calculate vcores) and
yarn.nodemanager.resource.detect-hardware-capabilities is set to true. The number of vcores will be calculated as number of CPUs * multiplier.
</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.pcores-vcores-multiplier</name>
<value>1.0</value>
</property>
<!-- NodeManager使用内存数，默认8G，修改为4G内存 -->
<property>
<description>Amount of physical memory, in MB, that can be allocated
for containers. If set to -1 and
yarn.nodemanager.resource.detect-hardware-capabilities is true, it is
automatically calculated(in case of Windows and Linux).
In other cases, the default is 8192MB.
</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.memory-mb</name>
<value>4096</value>
</property>
<!-- nodemanager的CPU核数，不按照硬件环境自动设定时默认是8个，修改为4个 -->
<property>
<description>Number of vcores that can be allocated
for containers. This is used by the RM scheduler when allocating
resources for containers. This is not used to limit the number of
CPUs used by YARN containers. If it is set to -1 and
yarn.nodemanager.resource.detect-hardware-capabilities is true, it is
automatically determined from the hardware in case of Windows and Linux.
In other cases, number of vcores is 8 by default.</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.resource.cpu-vcores</name>
<value>4</value>
</property>
<!-- 容器最小内存，默认1G -->
<property>
<description>The minimum allocation for every container request at the RM in MBs. Memory requests lower than this will be set to the value of this property. Additionally, a node manager that is configured to have less memory than this value will be shut down by the resource manager.
</description>
<name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-mb</name>
<value>1024</value>
</property>
<!-- 容器最大内存，默认8G，修改为2G -->
<property>
<description>The maximum allocation for every container request at the RM in MBs. Memory requests higher than this will throw an InvalidResourceRequestException.
</description>
<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-mb</name>
<value>2048</value>
</property>
<!-- 容器最小CPU核数，默认1个 -->
<property>
<description>The minimum allocation for every container request at the RM in terms of virtual CPU cores. Requests lower than this will be set to the value of this property. Additionally, a node manager that is configured to have fewer virtual cores than this value will be shut down by the resource manager.
</description>
<name>yarn.scheduler.minimum-allocation-vcores</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<!-- 容器最大CPU核数，默认4个，修改为2个 -->
<property>
<description>The maximum allocation for every container request at the RM in terms of virtual CPU cores. Requests higher than this will throw an
InvalidResourceRequestException.</description>
<name>yarn.scheduler.maximum-allocation-vcores</name>
<value>2</value>
</property>
<!-- 虚拟内存检查，默认打开，修改为关闭 -->
<property>
<description>Whether virtual memory limits will be enforced for
containers.</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-check-enabled</name>
<value>false</value>
</property>
<!-- 虚拟内存和物理内存设置比例,默认2.1 -->
<property>
<description>Ratio between virtual memory to physical memory when setting memory limits for containers. Container allocations are expressed in terms of physical memory, and virtual memory usage is allowed to exceed this allocation by this ratio.
</description>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.vmem-pmem-ratio</name>
<value>2.1</value>
</property>
分发配置
如果集群的硬件资源不一致，要每个NodeManager单独配置
重启集群
容量调度器多队列提交案例
需求：default队列占总内存的40%，最大资源容量占总资源60%，hive队列占总内存的60%，最大资源容量占总资源80%。配置队列优先级。
配置多队列的容量调度器
在capacity-scheduler.xml中配置如下：
修改如下配置
<!-- 指定多队列，增加hive队列 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.queues</name>
<value>default,hive</value>
<description>
The queues at the this level (root is the root queue).
</description>
</property>
<!-- 降低default队列资源额定容量为40%，默认100% -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.capacity</name>
<value>40</value>
</property>
<!-- 降低default队列资源最大容量为60%，默认100% -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.default.maximum-capacity</name>
<value>60</value>
</property>
为新加队列添加必要属性
<!-- 指定hive队列的资源额定容量 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.capacity</name>
<value>60</value>
</property>
<!-- 指定hive队列的资源最大容量 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.maximum-capacity</name>
<value>80</value>
</property>
<!-- 用户最多可以使用队列多少资源，1表示100%即所有资源 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.user-limit-factor</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
<!-- 启动hive队列 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.state</name>
<value>RUNNING</value>
</property>
<!-- 哪些用户有权向队列提交作业 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_submit_applications</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<!-- 哪些用户有权操作队列，管理员权限（查看/杀死） -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_administer_queue</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<!-- 哪些用户有权配置提交任务优先级 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.acl_application_max_priority</name>
<value>*</value>
</property>
<!-- 任务的超时时间设置：yarn application -appId appId -updateLifetime Timeout
参考资料：https://blog.cloudera.com/enforcing-application-lifetime-slas-yarn/ -->
<!-- 如果application指定了超时时间，则提交到该队列的application能够指定的最大超时时间不能超过该值。
-->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.maximum-application-lifetime</name>
<value>-1</value>
</property>
<!-- 如果application没指定超时时间，则用default-application-lifetime作为默认值 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.capacity.root.hive.default-application-lifetime</name>
<value>-1</value>
</property>
分发配置文件
执行yarn rmadmin -refreshQueues刷新队列
指定队列提交任务
通过命令指定
hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar wordcount -D mapreduce.job.queuename=hive /input /output
-D 表示运行时改变参数值
通过代码指定
在Driver中添加代码
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
conf.set("mapreduce.job.queuename","hive");
任务优先级
默认情况，Yarn将所有任务的优先级限制为0
配置优先级：
修改yarn-site.xml文件，增加以下参数
<!-- 设置最大优先级为5，可设置的优先级有012345 -->
<property>
<name>yarn.cluster.max-application-priority</name>
<value>5</value>
</property>
分发配置，重启yarn
指定任务优先级
hadoop jar /opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-3.1.3.jar pi -D mapreduce.job.priority=5 5 2000000
修改正在执行的任务的优先级
yarn application -appID application_1611133087930_0009 -updatePriority 5
公平调度器案例
公平调度器的配置涉及到两个文件，一个是yarn-site.xml，另一个是公平调度器队列分配文件fair-scheduler.xml
配置多队列的公平调度器
修改yarn-site.xml文件，加入以下参数
<property>
<name>yarn.resourcemanager.scheduler.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.yarn.server.resourcemanager.scheduler.fair.FairScheduler</value>
<description>配置使用公平调度器</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.allocation.file</name>
<value>/opt/module/hadoop-3.1.3/etc/hadoop/fair-scheduler.xml</value>
<description>指明公平调度器队列分配配置文件</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.scheduler.fair.preemption</name>
<value>false</value>
<description>禁止队列间资源抢占</description>
</property>
配置fair-scheduler.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<allocations>
<!-- 单个队列中Application Master占用资源的最大比例,取值0-1 ，企业一般配置0.1 -->
<queueMaxAMShareDefault>0.5</queueMaxAMShareDefault>
<!-- 单个队列最大资源的默认值 test atguigu default -->
<queueMaxResourcesDefault>4096mb,4vcores</queueMaxResourcesDefault>
<!-- 增加一个队列test -->
<queue name="test">
<!-- 队列最小资源 -->
<minResources>2048mb,2vcores</minResources>
<!-- 队列最大资源 -->
<maxResources>4096mb,4vcores</maxResources>
<!-- 队列中最多同时运行的应用数，默认50，根据线程数配置 -->
<maxRunningApps>4</maxRunningApps>
<!-- 队列中Application Master占用资源的最大比例 -->
<maxAMShare>0.5</maxAMShare>
<!-- 该队列资源权重,默认值为1.0 -->
<weight>1.0</weight>
<!-- 队列内部的资源分配策略 -->
<schedulingPolicy>fair</schedulingPolicy>
</queue>
<!-- 增加一个队列atguigu -->
<queue name="atguigu" type="parent">
<!-- 队列最小资源 -->
<minResources>2048mb,2vcores</minResources>
<!-- 队列最大资源 -->
<maxResources>4096mb,4vcores</maxResources>
<!-- 队列中最多同时运行的应用数，默认50，根据线程数配置 -->
<maxRunningApps>4</maxRunningApps>
<!-- 队列中Application Master占用资源的最大比例 -->
<maxAMShare>0.5</maxAMShare>
<!-- 该队列资源权重,默认值为1.0 -->
<weight>1.0</weight>
<!-- 队列内部的资源分配策略 -->
<schedulingPolicy>fair</schedulingPolicy>
</queue>
<!-- 任务队列分配策略,可配置多层规则,从第一个规则开始匹配,直到匹配成功 -->
<queuePlacementPolicy>
<!-- 提交任务时指定队列,如未指定提交队列,则继续匹配下一个规则; false表示：如果指定队列不存在,不允许自动创建-->
<rule name="specified" create="false"/>
<!-- 提交到root.group.username队列,若root.group不存在,不允许自动创建；若root.group.user不存在,允许自动创建 -->
<rule name="nestedUserQueue" create="true">
<rule name="primaryGroup" create="false"/>
</rule>
<!-- 最后一个规则必须为reject或者default。Reject表示拒绝创建提交失败，default表示把任务提交到default队列 -->
<rule name="reject" />
</queuePlacementPolicy>
</allocations>
分发配置并重启Yarn
Yarn的Tool接口案例
需求：自己写的程序也可以用-D动态修改参数。
创建类WordCount并实现Tool接口
public class WordCount implements Tool {
private Configuration conf;
@Override
public int run(String[] args) throws Exception {
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
job.setJarByClass(WordCountDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(WordCountMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
return job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1;
}
@Override
public void setConf(Configuration conf) {
this.conf = conf;
}
@Override
public Configuration getConf() {
return conf;
}
public static class WordCountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
private Text outK = new Text();
private IntWritable outV = new IntWritable(1);
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
String line = value.toString();
String[] words = line.split(" ");
for (String word : words) {
outK.set(word);
context.write(outK, outV);
}
}
}
public static class WordCountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
private IntWritable outV = new IntWritable();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
int sum = 0;
for (IntWritable value : values) {
sum += value.get();
}
outV.set(sum);
context.write(key, outV);
}
}
}
创建类WordCountDriver
public class WordCountDriver {
private static Tool tool;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1. 创建配置文件
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
// 2. 判断是否有tool接口
switch (args[0]){
case "wordcount":
tool = new WordCount();
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException(" No such tool: "+ args[0] );
}
// 3. 用Tool执行程序
// Arrays.copyOfRange 将老数组的元素放到新数组里面
int run = ToolRunner.run(conf, tool, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 1, args.length));
System.exit(run);
}
}
运行
yarn jar YarnDemo.jar com.atguigu.yarn.WordCountDriver wordcount -D mapreduce.job.queuename=root.test /input /output1